Arrow Flight SQL

Arrow Flight SQL is a protocol for interacting with SQL databases using the Arrow in-memory format and the Flight RPC framework.

Generally, a database will implement the RPC methods according to the specification, but does not need to implement a client-side driver. A database client can use the provided Flight SQL client to interact with any database that supports the necessary endpoints. Flight SQL clients wrap the underlying Flight client to provide methods for the new RPC methods described here.

RPC Methods

Flight SQL reuses the predefined RPC methods in Arrow Flight, and provides various commands that pair those methods with request/response messages defined via Protobuf (see below).

SQL Metadata

Flight SQL provides a variety of commands to fetch catalog metadata about the database server.

All of these commands can be used with the GetFlightInfo and GetSchema RPC methods. The Protobuf request message should be packed into a google.protobuf.Any message, then serialized and packed as the cmd field in a CMD-type FlightDescriptor.

If the command is used with GetFlightInfo, the server will return a FlightInfo response. The client should then use the Ticket(s) in the FlightInfo with the DoGet RPC method to fetch a Arrow data containing the results of the command. In other words, SQL metadata is returned as Arrow data, just like query results themselves.

The Arrow schema returned by GetSchema or DoGet for a particular command is fixed according to the specification.

CommandGetCatalogs

List the catalogs available in the database. The definition varies by vendor.

CommandGetCrossReference

List the foreign key columns in a given table that reference columns in a given parent table.

CommandGetDbSchemas

List the schemas (note: a grouping of tables, not an Arrow schema) available in the database. The definition varies by vendor.

CommandGetExportedKeys

List foreign key columns that reference the primary key columns of a given table.

CommandGetImportedKeys

List foreign keys of a given table.

CommandGetPrimaryKeys

List the primary keys of a given table.

CommandGetSqlInfo

Fetch metadata about the database server and its supported SQL features.

CommandGetTables

List tables in the database.

CommandGetTableTypes

List table types in the database. The list of types varies by vendor.

Query Execution

Flight SQL also provides commands to execute SQL queries and manage prepared statements.

Many of these commands are also used with GetFlightInfo/GetSchema and work identically to the metadata methods above. Some of these commands can be used with the DoPut RPC method, but the command should still be encoded in the request FlightDescriptor in the same way.

Commands beginning with “Action” are instead used with the DoAction RPC method, in which case the command should be packed into a google.protobuf.Any message, then serialized and packed into the body of a Flight Action. Also, the action type should be set to the command name (i.e. for ActionClosePreparedStatementRequest, the type should be ClosePreparedStatement).

Commands that execute updates such as CommandStatementUpdate and CommandStatementIngest return a Flight SQL DoPutUpdateResult after consuming the entire FlightData stream. This message is encoded in the app_metadata field of the Flight RPC PutResult returned.

ActionClosePreparedStatementRequest

Close a previously created prepared statement.

ActionCreatePreparedStatementRequest

Create a new prepared statement for a SQL query.

The response will contain an opaque handle used to identify the prepared statement. It may also contain two optional schemas: the Arrow schema of the result set, and the Arrow schema of the bind parameters (if any). Because the schema of the result set may depend on the bind parameters, the schemas may not necessarily be provided here as a result, or if provided, they may not be accurate. Clients should not assume the schema provided here will be the schema of any data actually returned by executing the prepared statement.

Some statements may have bind parameters without any specific type. (As a trivial example for SQL, consider SELECT ?.) It is not currently specified how this should be handled in the bind parameter schema above. We suggest either using a union type to enumerate the possible types, or using the NA (null) type as a wildcard/placeholder.

CommandPreparedStatementQuery

Execute a previously created prepared statement and get the results.

When used with DoPut: binds parameter values to the prepared statement. The server may optionally provide an updated handle in the response. Updating the handle allows the client to supply all state required to execute the query in an ActionPreparedStatementExecute message. For example, stateless servers can encode the bound parameter values into the new handle, and the client will send that new handle with parameters back to the server.

Note that a handle returned from a DoPut call with CommandPreparedStatementQuery can itself be passed to a subsequent DoPut call with CommandPreparedStatementQuery to bind a new set of parameters. The subsequent call itself may return an updated handle which again should be used for subsequent requests.

The server is responsible for detecting the case where the client does not use the updated handle and should return an error.

When used with GetFlightInfo: execute the prepared statement. The prepared statement can be reused after fetching results.

When used with GetSchema: get the expected Arrow schema of the result set. If the client has bound parameter values with DoPut previously, the server should take those values into account.

CommandPreparedStatementUpdate

Execute a previously created prepared statement that does not return results.

When used with DoPut: execute the query and return the number of affected rows. The prepared statement can be reused afterwards.

CommandStatementQuery

Execute an ad-hoc SQL query.

When used with GetFlightInfo: execute the query (call DoGet to fetch results).

When used with GetSchema: return the schema of the query results.

CommandStatementUpdate

Execute an ad-hoc SQL query that does not return results.

When used with DoPut: execute the query and return the number of affected rows.

CommandStatementIngest

Execute a bulk ingestion.

When used with DoPut: load the stream of Arrow record batches into the specified target table and return the number of rows ingested via a DoPutUpdateResult message.

Flight Server Session Management

Flight SQL provides commands to set and update server session variables which affect the server behaviour in various ways. Common options may include (depending on the server implementation) catalog and schema, indicating the currently-selected catalog and schema for queries to be run against.

Clients should prefer, where possible, setting options prior to issuing queries and other commands, as some server implementations may require these options be set exactly once and prior to any other activity which may trigger their implicit setting.

For compatibility with Database Connectivity drivers (JDBC, ODBC, and others), it is strongly recommended that server implementations accept string representations of all option values which may be provided to the driver as part of a server connection string and passed through to the server without further conversion. For ease of use it is also recommended to accept and convert other numeric types to the preferred type for an option value, however this is not required.

Sessions are persisted between the client and server using an implementation-defined mechanism, which is typically RFC 6265 cookies. Servers may also combine other connection state opaquely with the session token: Consider that the lifespan and semantics of a session should make sense for any additional uses, e.g. CloseSession would also invalidate any authentication context persisted via the session context. A session may be initiated upon a nonempty (or empty) SetSessionOptions call, or at any other time of the server’s choosing.

SetSessionOptions Set server session option(s) by name/value.

GetSessionOptions Get the current server session options, including those set by the client and any defaulted or implicitly set by the server.

CloseSession Close and invalidate the current session context.

Sequence Diagrams

Listing available tables.

Executing an ad-hoc query.

Creating a prepared statement, then executing it.

Executing a bulk ingestion.

External Resources

• Introducing Apache Arrow Flight SQL: Accelerating Database Access

Protocol Buffer Definitions

/*
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
 * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
 * distributed with this work for additional information
 * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
 * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
 * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
 * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 * <p>
 * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 * <p>
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

syntax = "proto3";
import "google/protobuf/descriptor.proto";

option java_package = "org.apache.arrow.flight.sql.impl";
option go_package = "github.com/apache/arrow-go/arrow/flight/gen/flight";
package arrow.flight.protocol.sql;

/*
 * Represents a metadata request. Used in the command member of FlightDescriptor
 * for the following RPC calls:
 *  - GetSchema: return the Arrow schema of the query.
 *  - GetFlightInfo: execute the metadata request.
 *
 * The returned Arrow schema will be:
 * <
 *  info_name: uint32 not null,
 *  value: dense_union<
 *              string_value: utf8,
 *              bool_value: bool,
 *              bigint_value: int64,
 *              int32_bitmask: int32,
 *              string_list: list<string_data: utf8>
 *              int32_to_int32_list_map: map<key: int32, value: list<$data$: int32>>
 * >
 * where there is one row per requested piece of metadata information.
 */
message CommandGetSqlInfo {

  /*
   * Values are modelled after ODBC's SQLGetInfo() function. This information is intended to provide
   * Flight SQL clients with basic, SQL syntax and SQL functions related information.
   * More information types can be added in future releases.
   * E.g. more SQL syntax support types, scalar functions support, type conversion support etc.
   *
   * Note that the set of metadata may expand.
   *
   * Initially, Flight SQL will support the following information types:
   * - Server Information - Range [0-500)
   * - Syntax Information - Range [500-1000)
   * Range [0-10,000) is reserved for defaults (see SqlInfo enum for default options).
   * Custom options should start at 10,000.
   *
   * If omitted, then all metadata will be retrieved.
   * Flight SQL Servers may choose to include additional metadata above and beyond the specified set, however they must
   * at least return the specified set. IDs ranging from 0 to 10,000 (exclusive) are reserved for future use.
   * If additional metadata is included, the metadata IDs should start from 10,000.
   */
  repeated uint32 info = 1;
}

// Options for CommandGetSqlInfo.
enum SqlInfo {

  // Server Information [0-500): Provides basic information about the Flight SQL Server.

  // Retrieves a UTF-8 string with the name of the Flight SQL Server.
  FLIGHT_SQL_SERVER_NAME = 0;

  // Retrieves a UTF-8 string with the native version of the Flight SQL Server.
  FLIGHT_SQL_SERVER_VERSION = 1;

  // Retrieves a UTF-8 string with the Arrow format version of the Flight SQL Server.
  FLIGHT_SQL_SERVER_ARROW_VERSION = 2;

  /*
   * Retrieves a boolean value indicating whether the Flight SQL Server is read only.
   *
   * Returns:
   * - false: if read-write
   * - true: if read only
   */
  FLIGHT_SQL_SERVER_READ_ONLY = 3;

  /*
   * Retrieves a boolean value indicating whether the Flight SQL Server supports executing
   * SQL queries.
   *
   * Note that the absence of this info (as opposed to a false value) does not necessarily
   * mean that SQL is not supported, as this property was not originally defined.
   */
  FLIGHT_SQL_SERVER_SQL = 4;

  /*
   * Retrieves a boolean value indicating whether the Flight SQL Server supports executing
   * Substrait plans.
   */
  FLIGHT_SQL_SERVER_SUBSTRAIT = 5;

  /*
   * Retrieves a string value indicating the minimum supported Substrait version, or null
   * if Substrait is not supported.
   */
  FLIGHT_SQL_SERVER_SUBSTRAIT_MIN_VERSION = 6;

  /*
   * Retrieves a string value indicating the maximum supported Substrait version, or null
   * if Substrait is not supported.
   */
  FLIGHT_SQL_SERVER_SUBSTRAIT_MAX_VERSION = 7;

  /*
   * Retrieves an int32 indicating whether the Flight SQL Server supports the
   * BeginTransaction/EndTransaction/BeginSavepoint/EndSavepoint actions.
   *
   * Even if this is not supported, the database may still support explicit "BEGIN
   * TRANSACTION"/"COMMIT" SQL statements (see SQL_TRANSACTIONS_SUPPORTED); this property
   * is only about whether the server implements the Flight SQL API endpoints.
   *
   * The possible values are listed in `SqlSupportedTransaction`.
   */
  FLIGHT_SQL_SERVER_TRANSACTION = 8;

  /*
   * Retrieves a boolean value indicating whether the Flight SQL Server supports explicit
   * query cancellation (the CancelQuery action).
   */
  FLIGHT_SQL_SERVER_CANCEL = 9;

  /*
   * Retrieves a boolean value indicating whether the Flight SQL Server supports executing
   * bulk ingestion.
   */
   FLIGHT_SQL_SERVER_BULK_INGESTION = 10;

  /*
   * Retrieves a boolean value indicating whether transactions are supported for bulk ingestion. If not, invoking
   * the method commit in the context of a bulk ingestion is a noop, and the isolation level is
   * `arrow.flight.protocol.sql.SqlTransactionIsolationLevel.TRANSACTION_NONE`.
   *
   * Returns:
   * - false: if bulk ingestion transactions are unsupported;
   * - true: if bulk ingestion transactions are supported.
   */
   FLIGHT_SQL_SERVER_INGEST_TRANSACTIONS_SUPPORTED = 11;

  /*
   * Retrieves an int32 indicating the timeout (in milliseconds) for prepared statement handles.
   *
   * If 0, there is no timeout.  Servers should reset the timeout when the handle is used in a command.
   */
  FLIGHT_SQL_SERVER_STATEMENT_TIMEOUT = 100;

  /*
   * Retrieves an int32 indicating the timeout (in milliseconds) for transactions, since transactions are not tied to a connection.
   *
   * If 0, there is no timeout.  Servers should reset the timeout when the handle is used in a command.
   */
  FLIGHT_SQL_SERVER_TRANSACTION_TIMEOUT = 101;

  // SQL Syntax Information [500-1000): provides information about SQL syntax supported by the Flight SQL Server.

  /*
   * Retrieves a boolean value indicating whether the Flight SQL Server supports CREATE and DROP of catalogs.
   *
   * Returns:
   * - false: if it doesn't support CREATE and DROP of catalogs.
   * - true: if it supports CREATE and DROP of catalogs.
   */
  SQL_DDL_CATALOG = 500;

  /*
   * Retrieves a boolean value indicating whether the Flight SQL Server supports CREATE and DROP of schemas.
   *
   * Returns:
   * - false: if it doesn't support CREATE and DROP of schemas.
   * - true: if it supports CREATE and DROP of schemas.
   */
  SQL_DDL_SCHEMA = 501;

  /*
   * Indicates whether the Flight SQL Server supports CREATE and DROP of tables.
   *
   * Returns:
   * - false: if it doesn't support CREATE and DROP of tables.
   * - true: if it supports CREATE and DROP of tables.
   */
  SQL_DDL_TABLE = 502;

  /*
   * Retrieves a int32 ordinal representing the case sensitivity of catalog, table, schema and table names.
   *
   * The possible values are listed in `arrow.flight.protocol.sql.SqlSupportedCaseSensitivity`.
   */
  SQL_IDENTIFIER_CASE = 503;

  // Retrieves a UTF-8 string with the supported character(s) used to surround a delimited identifier.
  SQL_IDENTIFIER_QUOTE_CHAR = 504;

  /*
   * Retrieves a int32 describing the case sensitivity of quoted identifiers.
   *
   * The possible values are listed in `arrow.flight.protocol.sql.SqlSupportedCaseSensitivity`.
   */
  SQL_QUOTED_IDENTIFIER_CASE = 505;

  /*
   * Retrieves a boolean value indicating whether all tables are selectable.
   *
   * Returns:
   * - false: if not all tables are selectable or if none are;
   * - true: if all tables are selectable.
   */
  SQL_ALL_TABLES_ARE_SELECTABLE = 506;

  /*
   * Retrieves the null ordering.
   *
   * Returns a int32 ordinal for the null ordering being used, as described in
   * `arrow.flight.protocol.sql.SqlNullOrdering`.
   */
  SQL_NULL_ORDERING = 507;

  // Retrieves a UTF-8 string list with values of the supported keywords.
  SQL_KEYWORDS = 508;

  // Retrieves a UTF-8 string list with values of the supported numeric functions.
  SQL_NUMERIC_FUNCTIONS = 509;

  // Retrieves a UTF-8 string list with values of the supported string functions.
  SQL_STRING_FUNCTIONS = 510;

  // Retrieves a UTF-8 string list with values of the supported system functions.
  SQL_SYSTEM_FUNCTIONS = 511;

  // Retrieves a UTF-8 string list with values of the supported datetime functions.
  SQL_DATETIME_FUNCTIONS = 512;

  /*
   * Retrieves the UTF-8 string that can be used to escape wildcard characters.
   * This is the string that can be used to escape '_' or '%' in the catalog search parameters that are a pattern
   * (and therefore use one of the wildcard characters).
   * The '_' character represents any single character; the '%' character represents any sequence of zero or more
   * characters.
   */
  SQL_SEARCH_STRING_ESCAPE = 513;

  /*
   * Retrieves a UTF-8 string with all the "extra" characters that can be used in unquoted identifier names
   * (those beyond a-z, A-Z, 0-9 and _).
   */
  SQL_EXTRA_NAME_CHARACTERS = 514;

  /*
   * Retrieves a boolean value indicating whether column aliasing is supported.
   * If so, the SQL AS clause can be used to provide names for computed columns or to provide alias names for columns
   * as required.
   *
   * Returns:
   * - false: if column aliasing is unsupported;
   * - true: if column aliasing is supported.
   */
  SQL_SUPPORTS_COLUMN_ALIASING = 515;

  /*
   * Retrieves a boolean value indicating whether concatenations between null and non-null values being
   * null are supported.
   *
   * - Returns:
   * - false: if concatenations between null and non-null values being null are unsupported;
   * - true: if concatenations between null and non-null values being null are supported.
   */
  SQL_NULL_PLUS_NULL_IS_NULL = 516;

  /*
   * Retrieves a map where the key is the type to convert from and the value is a list with the types to convert to,
   * indicating the supported conversions. Each key and each item on the list value is a value to a predefined type on
   * SqlSupportsConvert enum.
   * The returned map will be:  map<int32, list<int32>>
   */
  SQL_SUPPORTS_CONVERT = 517;

  /*
   * Retrieves a boolean value indicating whether, when table correlation names are supported,
   * they are restricted to being different from the names of the tables.
   *
   * Returns:
   * - false: if table correlation names are unsupported;
   * - true: if table correlation names are supported.
   */
  SQL_SUPPORTS_TABLE_CORRELATION_NAMES = 518;

  /*
   * Retrieves a boolean value indicating whether, when table correlation names are supported,
   * they are restricted to being different from the names of the tables.
   *
   * Returns:
   * - false: if different table correlation names are unsupported;
   * - true: if different table correlation names are supported
   */
  SQL_SUPPORTS_DIFFERENT_TABLE_CORRELATION_NAMES = 519;

  /*
   * Retrieves a boolean value indicating whether expressions in ORDER BY lists are supported.
   *
   * Returns:
   * - false: if expressions in ORDER BY are unsupported;
   * - true: if expressions in ORDER BY are supported;
   */
  SQL_SUPPORTS_EXPRESSIONS_IN_ORDER_BY = 520;

  /*
   * Retrieves a boolean value indicating whether using a column that is not in the SELECT statement in a GROUP BY
   * clause is supported.
   *
   * Returns:
   * - false: if using a column that is not in the SELECT statement in a GROUP BY clause is unsupported;
   * - true: if using a column that is not in the SELECT statement in a GROUP BY clause is supported.
   */
  SQL_SUPPORTS_ORDER_BY_UNRELATED = 521;

  /*
   * Retrieves the supported GROUP BY commands;
   *
   * Returns an int32 bitmask value representing the supported commands.
   * The returned bitmask should be parsed in order to retrieve the supported commands.
   *
   * For instance:
   * - return 0 (\b0)   => [] (GROUP BY is unsupported);
   * - return 1 (\b1)   => [SQL_GROUP_BY_UNRELATED];
   * - return 2 (\b10)  => [SQL_GROUP_BY_BEYOND_SELECT];
   * - return 3 (\b11)  => [SQL_GROUP_BY_UNRELATED, SQL_GROUP_BY_BEYOND_SELECT].
   * Valid GROUP BY types are described under `arrow.flight.protocol.sql.SqlSupportedGroupBy`.
   */
  SQL_SUPPORTED_GROUP_BY = 522;

  /*
   * Retrieves a boolean value indicating whether specifying a LIKE escape clause is supported.
   *
   * Returns:
   * - false: if specifying a LIKE escape clause is unsupported;
   * - true: if specifying a LIKE escape clause is supported.
   */
  SQL_SUPPORTS_LIKE_ESCAPE_CLAUSE = 523;

  /*
   * Retrieves a boolean value indicating whether columns may be defined as non-nullable.
   *
   * Returns:
   * - false: if columns cannot be defined as non-nullable;
   * - true: if columns may be defined as non-nullable.
   */
  SQL_SUPPORTS_NON_NULLABLE_COLUMNS = 524;

  /*
   * Retrieves the supported SQL grammar level as per the ODBC specification.
   *
   * Returns an int32 bitmask value representing the supported SQL grammar level.
   * The returned bitmask should be parsed in order to retrieve the supported grammar levels.
   *
   * For instance:
   * - return 0 (\b0)   => [] (SQL grammar is unsupported);
   * - return 1 (\b1)   => [SQL_MINIMUM_GRAMMAR];
   * - return 2 (\b10)  => [SQL_CORE_GRAMMAR];
   * - return 3 (\b11)  => [SQL_MINIMUM_GRAMMAR, SQL_CORE_GRAMMAR];
   * - return 4 (\b100) => [SQL_EXTENDED_GRAMMAR];
   * - return 5 (\b101) => [SQL_MINIMUM_GRAMMAR, SQL_EXTENDED_GRAMMAR];
   * - return 6 (\b110) => [SQL_CORE_GRAMMAR, SQL_EXTENDED_GRAMMAR];
   * - return 7 (\b111) => [SQL_MINIMUM_GRAMMAR, SQL_CORE_GRAMMAR, SQL_EXTENDED_GRAMMAR].
   * Valid SQL grammar levels are described under `arrow.flight.protocol.sql.SupportedSqlGrammar`.
   */
  SQL_SUPPORTED_GRAMMAR = 525;

  /*
   * Retrieves the supported ANSI92 SQL grammar level.
   *
   * Returns an int32 bitmask value representing the supported ANSI92 SQL grammar level.
   * The returned bitmask should be parsed in order to retrieve the supported commands.
   *
   * For instance:
   * - return 0 (\b0)   => [] (ANSI92 SQL grammar is unsupported);
   * - return 1 (\b1)   => [ANSI92_ENTRY_SQL];
   * - return 2 (\b10)  => [ANSI92_INTERMEDIATE_SQL];
   * - return 3 (\b11)  => [ANSI92_ENTRY_SQL, ANSI92_INTERMEDIATE_SQL];
   * - return 4 (\b100) => [ANSI92_FULL_SQL];
   * - return 5 (\b101) => [ANSI92_ENTRY_SQL, ANSI92_FULL_SQL];
   * - return 6 (\b110) => [ANSI92_INTERMEDIATE_SQL, ANSI92_FULL_SQL];
   * - return 7 (\b111) => [ANSI92_ENTRY_SQL, ANSI92_INTERMEDIATE_SQL, ANSI92_FULL_SQL].
   * Valid ANSI92 SQL grammar levels are described under `arrow.flight.protocol.sql.SupportedAnsi92SqlGrammarLevel`.
   */
  SQL_ANSI92_SUPPORTED_LEVEL = 526;

  /*
   * Retrieves a boolean value indicating whether the SQL Integrity Enhancement Facility is supported.
   *
   * Returns:
   * - false: if the SQL Integrity Enhancement Facility is supported;
   * - true: if the SQL Integrity Enhancement Facility is supported.
   */
  SQL_SUPPORTS_INTEGRITY_ENHANCEMENT_FACILITY = 527;

  /*
   * Retrieves the support level for SQL OUTER JOINs.
   *
   * Returns a int32 ordinal for the SQL ordering being used, as described in
   * `arrow.flight.protocol.sql.SqlOuterJoinsSupportLevel`.
   */
  SQL_OUTER_JOINS_SUPPORT_LEVEL = 528;

  // Retrieves a UTF-8 string with the preferred term for "schema".
  SQL_SCHEMA_TERM = 529;

  // Retrieves a UTF-8 string with the preferred term for "procedure".
  SQL_PROCEDURE_TERM = 530;

  /*
   * Retrieves a UTF-8 string with the preferred term for "catalog".
   * If a empty string is returned its assumed that the server does NOT supports catalogs.
   */
  SQL_CATALOG_TERM = 531;

  /*
   * Retrieves a boolean value indicating whether a catalog appears at the start of a fully qualified table name.
   *
   * - false: if a catalog does not appear at the start of a fully qualified table name;
   * - true: if a catalog appears at the start of a fully qualified table name.
   */
  SQL_CATALOG_AT_START = 532;

  /*
   * Retrieves the supported actions for a SQL schema.
   *
   * Returns an int32 bitmask value representing the supported actions for a SQL schema.
   * The returned bitmask should be parsed in order to retrieve the supported actions for a SQL schema.
   *
   * For instance:
   * - return 0 (\b0)   => [] (no supported actions for SQL schema);
   * - return 1 (\b1)   => [SQL_ELEMENT_IN_PROCEDURE_CALLS];
   * - return 2 (\b10)  => [SQL_ELEMENT_IN_INDEX_DEFINITIONS];
   * - return 3 (\b11)  => [SQL_ELEMENT_IN_PROCEDURE_CALLS, SQL_ELEMENT_IN_INDEX_DEFINITIONS];
   * - return 4 (\b100) => [SQL_ELEMENT_IN_PRIVILEGE_DEFINITIONS];
   * - return 5 (\b101) => [SQL_ELEMENT_IN_PROCEDURE_CALLS, SQL_ELEMENT_IN_PRIVILEGE_DEFINITIONS];
   * - return 6 (\b110) => [SQL_ELEMENT_IN_INDEX_DEFINITIONS, SQL_ELEMENT_IN_PRIVILEGE_DEFINITIONS];
   * - return 7 (\b111) => [SQL_ELEMENT_IN_PROCEDURE_CALLS, SQL_ELEMENT_IN_INDEX_DEFINITIONS, SQL_ELEMENT_IN_PRIVILEGE_DEFINITIONS].
   * Valid actions for a SQL schema described under `arrow.flight.protocol.sql.SqlSupportedElementActions`.
   */
  SQL_SCHEMAS_SUPPORTED_ACTIONS = 533;

  /*
   * Retrieves the supported actions for a SQL schema.
   *
   * Returns an int32 bitmask value representing the supported actions for a SQL catalog.
   * The returned bitmask should be parsed in order to retrieve the supported actions for a SQL catalog.
   *
   * For instance:
   * - return 0 (\b0)   => [] (no supported actions for SQL catalog);
   * - return 1 (\b1)   => [SQL_ELEMENT_IN_PROCEDURE_CALLS];
   * - return 2 (\b10)  => [SQL_ELEMENT_IN_INDEX_DEFINITIONS];
   * - return 3 (\b11)  => [SQL_ELEMENT_IN_PROCEDURE_CALLS, SQL_ELEMENT_IN_INDEX_DEFINITIONS];
   * - return 4 (\b100) => [SQL_ELEMENT_IN_PRIVILEGE_DEFINITIONS];
   * - return 5 (\b101) => [SQL_ELEMENT_IN_PROCEDURE_CALLS, SQL_ELEMENT_IN_PRIVILEGE_DEFINITIONS];
   * - return 6 (\b110) => [SQL_ELEMENT_IN_INDEX_DEFINITIONS, SQL_ELEMENT_IN_PRIVILEGE_DEFINITIONS];
   * - return 7 (\b111) => [SQL_ELEMENT_IN_PROCEDURE_CALLS, SQL_ELEMENT_IN_INDEX_DEFINITIONS, SQL_ELEMENT_IN_PRIVILEGE_DEFINITIONS].
   * Valid actions for a SQL catalog are described under `arrow.flight.protocol.sql.SqlSupportedElementActions`.
   */
  SQL_CATALOGS_SUPPORTED_ACTIONS = 534;

  /*
   * Retrieves the supported SQL positioned commands.
   *
   * Returns an int32 bitmask value representing the supported SQL positioned commands.
   * The returned bitmask should be parsed in order to retrieve the supported SQL positioned commands.
   *
   * For instance:
   * - return 0 (\b0)   => [] (no supported SQL positioned commands);
   * - return 1 (\b1)   => [SQL_POSITIONED_DELETE];
   * - return 2 (\b10)  => [SQL_POSITIONED_UPDATE];
   * - return 3 (\b11)  => [SQL_POSITIONED_DELETE, SQL_POSITIONED_UPDATE].
   * Valid SQL positioned commands are described under `arrow.flight.protocol.sql.SqlSupportedPositionedCommands`.
   */
  SQL_SUPPORTED_POSITIONED_COMMANDS = 535;

  /*
   * Retrieves a boolean value indicating whether SELECT FOR UPDATE statements are supported.
   *
   * Returns:
   * - false: if SELECT FOR UPDATE statements are unsupported;
   * - true: if SELECT FOR UPDATE statements are supported.
   */
  SQL_SELECT_FOR_UPDATE_SUPPORTED = 536;

  /*
   * Retrieves a boolean value indicating whether stored procedure calls that use the stored procedure escape syntax
   * are supported.
   *
   * Returns:
   * - false: if stored procedure calls that use the stored procedure escape syntax are unsupported;
   * - true: if stored procedure calls that use the stored procedure escape syntax are supported.
   */
  SQL_STORED_PROCEDURES_SUPPORTED = 537;

  /*
   * Retrieves the supported SQL subqueries.
   *
   * Returns an int32 bitmask value representing the supported SQL subqueries.
   * The returned bitmask should be parsed in order to retrieve the supported SQL subqueries.
   *
   * For instance:
   * - return 0   (\b0)     => [] (no supported SQL subqueries);
   * - return 1   (\b1)     => [SQL_SUBQUERIES_IN_COMPARISONS];
   * - return 2   (\b10)    => [SQL_SUBQUERIES_IN_EXISTS];
   * - return 3   (\b11)    => [SQL_SUBQUERIES_IN_COMPARISONS, SQL_SUBQUERIES_IN_EXISTS];
   * - return 4   (\b100)   => [SQL_SUBQUERIES_IN_INS];
   * - return 5   (\b101)   => [SQL_SUBQUERIES_IN_COMPARISONS, SQL_SUBQUERIES_IN_INS];
   * - return 6   (\b110)   => [SQL_SUBQUERIES_IN_INS, SQL_SUBQUERIES_IN_EXISTS];
   * - return 7   (\b111)   => [SQL_SUBQUERIES_IN_COMPARISONS, SQL_SUBQUERIES_IN_EXISTS, SQL_SUBQUERIES_IN_INS];
   * - return 8   (\b1000)  => [SQL_SUBQUERIES_IN_QUANTIFIEDS];
   * - return 9   (\b1001)  => [SQL_SUBQUERIES_IN_COMPARISONS, SQL_SUBQUERIES_IN_QUANTIFIEDS];
   * - return 10  (\b1010)  => [SQL_SUBQUERIES_IN_EXISTS, SQL_SUBQUERIES_IN_QUANTIFIEDS];
   * - return 11  (\b1011)  => [SQL_SUBQUERIES_IN_COMPARISONS, SQL_SUBQUERIES_IN_EXISTS, SQL_SUBQUERIES_IN_QUANTIFIEDS];
   * - return 12  (\b1100)  => [SQL_SUBQUERIES_IN_INS, SQL_SUBQUERIES_IN_QUANTIFIEDS];
   * - return 13  (\b1101)  => [SQL_SUBQUERIES_IN_COMPARISONS, SQL_SUBQUERIES_IN_INS, SQL_SUBQUERIES_IN_QUANTIFIEDS];
   * - return 14  (\b1110)  => [SQL_SUBQUERIES_IN_EXISTS, SQL_SUBQUERIES_IN_INS, SQL_SUBQUERIES_IN_QUANTIFIEDS];
   * - return 15  (\b1111)  => [SQL_SUBQUERIES_IN_COMPARISONS, SQL_SUBQUERIES_IN_EXISTS, SQL_SUBQUERIES_IN_INS, SQL_SUBQUERIES_IN_QUANTIFIEDS];
   * - ...
   * Valid SQL subqueries are described under `arrow.flight.protocol.sql.SqlSupportedSubqueries`.
   */
  SQL_SUPPORTED_SUBQUERIES = 538;

  /*
   * Retrieves a boolean value indicating whether correlated subqueries are supported.
   *
   * Returns:
   * - false: if correlated subqueries are unsupported;
   * - true: if correlated subqueries are supported.
   */
  SQL_CORRELATED_SUBQUERIES_SUPPORTED = 539;

  /*
   * Retrieves the supported SQL UNIONs.
   *
   * Returns an int32 bitmask value representing the supported SQL UNIONs.
   * The returned bitmask should be parsed in order to retrieve the supported SQL UNIONs.
   *
   * For instance:
   * - return 0 (\b0)   => [] (no supported SQL positioned commands);
   * - return 1 (\b1)   => [SQL_UNION];
   * - return 2 (\b10)  => [SQL_UNION_ALL];
   * - return 3 (\b11)  => [SQL_UNION, SQL_UNION_ALL].
   * Valid SQL positioned commands are described under `arrow.flight.protocol.sql.SqlSupportedUnions`.
   */
  SQL_SUPPORTED_UNIONS = 540;

  // Retrieves a int64 value representing the maximum number of hex characters allowed in an inline binary literal.
  SQL_MAX_BINARY_LITERAL_LENGTH = 541;

  // Retrieves a int64 value representing the maximum number of characters allowed for a character literal.
  SQL_MAX_CHAR_LITERAL_LENGTH = 542;

  // Retrieves a int64 value representing the maximum number of characters allowed for a column name.
  SQL_MAX_COLUMN_NAME_LENGTH = 543;

  // Retrieves a int64 value representing the maximum number of columns allowed in a GROUP BY clause.
  SQL_MAX_COLUMNS_IN_GROUP_BY = 544;

  // Retrieves a int64 value representing the maximum number of columns allowed in an index.
  SQL_MAX_COLUMNS_IN_INDEX = 545;

  // Retrieves a int64 value representing the maximum number of columns allowed in an ORDER BY clause.
  SQL_MAX_COLUMNS_IN_ORDER_BY = 546;

  // Retrieves a int64 value representing the maximum number of columns allowed in a SELECT list.
  SQL_MAX_COLUMNS_IN_SELECT = 547;

  // Retrieves a int64 value representing the maximum number of columns allowed in a table.
  SQL_MAX_COLUMNS_IN_TABLE = 548;

  // Retrieves a int64 value representing the maximum number of concurrent connections possible.
  SQL_MAX_CONNECTIONS = 549;

  // Retrieves a int64 value the maximum number of characters allowed in a cursor name.
  SQL_MAX_CURSOR_NAME_LENGTH = 550;

  /*
   * Retrieves a int64 value representing the maximum number of bytes allowed for an index,
   * including all of the parts of the index.
   */
  SQL_MAX_INDEX_LENGTH = 551;

  // Retrieves a int64 value representing the maximum number of characters allowed in a schema name.
  SQL_DB_SCHEMA_NAME_LENGTH = 552;

  // Retrieves a int64 value representing the maximum number of characters allowed in a procedure name.
  SQL_MAX_PROCEDURE_NAME_LENGTH = 553;

  // Retrieves a int64 value representing the maximum number of characters allowed in a catalog name.
  SQL_MAX_CATALOG_NAME_LENGTH = 554;

  // Retrieves a int64 value representing the maximum number of bytes allowed in a single row.
  SQL_MAX_ROW_SIZE = 555;

  /*
   * Retrieves a boolean indicating whether the return value for the JDBC method getMaxRowSize includes the SQL
   * data types LONGVARCHAR and LONGVARBINARY.
   *
   * Returns:
   * - false: if return value for the JDBC method getMaxRowSize does
   *          not include the SQL data types LONGVARCHAR and LONGVARBINARY;
   * - true: if return value for the JDBC method getMaxRowSize includes
   *         the SQL data types LONGVARCHAR and LONGVARBINARY.
   */
  SQL_MAX_ROW_SIZE_INCLUDES_BLOBS = 556;

  /*
   * Retrieves a int64 value representing the maximum number of characters allowed for an SQL statement;
   * a result of 0 (zero) means that there is no limit or the limit is not known.
   */
  SQL_MAX_STATEMENT_LENGTH = 557;

  // Retrieves a int64 value representing the maximum number of active statements that can be open at the same time.
  SQL_MAX_STATEMENTS = 558;

  // Retrieves a int64 value representing the maximum number of characters allowed in a table name.
  SQL_MAX_TABLE_NAME_LENGTH = 559;

  // Retrieves a int64 value representing the maximum number of tables allowed in a SELECT statement.
  SQL_MAX_TABLES_IN_SELECT = 560;

  // Retrieves a int64 value representing the maximum number of characters allowed in a user name.
  SQL_MAX_USERNAME_LENGTH = 561;

  /*
   * Retrieves this database's default transaction isolation level as described in
   * `arrow.flight.protocol.sql.SqlTransactionIsolationLevel`.
   *
   * Returns a int32 ordinal for the SQL transaction isolation level.
   */
  SQL_DEFAULT_TRANSACTION_ISOLATION = 562;

  /*
   * Retrieves a boolean value indicating whether transactions are supported. If not, invoking the method commit is a
   * noop, and the isolation level is `arrow.flight.protocol.sql.SqlTransactionIsolationLevel.TRANSACTION_NONE`.
   *
   * Returns:
   * - false: if transactions are unsupported;
   * - true: if transactions are supported.
   */
  SQL_TRANSACTIONS_SUPPORTED = 563;

  /*
   * Retrieves the supported transactions isolation levels.
   *
   * Returns an int32 bitmask value representing the supported transactions isolation levels.
   * The returned bitmask should be parsed in order to retrieve the supported transactions isolation levels.
   *
   * For instance:
   * - return 0   (\b0)     => [] (no supported SQL transactions isolation levels);
   * - return 1   (\b1)     => [SQL_TRANSACTION_NONE];
   * - return 2   (\b10)    => [SQL_TRANSACTION_READ_UNCOMMITTED];
   * - return 3   (\b11)    => [SQL_TRANSACTION_NONE, SQL_TRANSACTION_READ_UNCOMMITTED];
   * - return 4   (\b100)   => [SQL_TRANSACTION_REPEATABLE_READ];
   * - return 5   (\b101)   => [SQL_TRANSACTION_NONE, SQL_TRANSACTION_REPEATABLE_READ];
   * - return 6   (\b110)   => [SQL_TRANSACTION_READ_UNCOMMITTED, SQL_TRANSACTION_REPEATABLE_READ];
   * - return 7   (\b111)   => [SQL_TRANSACTION_NONE, SQL_TRANSACTION_READ_UNCOMMITTED, SQL_TRANSACTION_REPEATABLE_READ];
   * - return 8   (\b1000)  => [SQL_TRANSACTION_REPEATABLE_READ];
   * - return 9   (\b1001)  => [SQL_TRANSACTION_NONE, SQL_TRANSACTION_REPEATABLE_READ];
   * - return 10  (\b1010)  => [SQL_TRANSACTION_READ_UNCOMMITTED, SQL_TRANSACTION_REPEATABLE_READ];
   * - return 11  (\b1011)  => [SQL_TRANSACTION_NONE, SQL_TRANSACTION_READ_UNCOMMITTED, SQL_TRANSACTION_REPEATABLE_READ];
   * - return 12  (\b1100)  => [SQL_TRANSACTION_REPEATABLE_READ, SQL_TRANSACTION_REPEATABLE_READ];
   * - return 13  (\b1101)  => [SQL_TRANSACTION_NONE, SQL_TRANSACTION_REPEATABLE_READ, SQL_TRANSACTION_REPEATABLE_READ];
   * - return 14  (\b1110)  => [SQL_TRANSACTION_READ_UNCOMMITTED, SQL_TRANSACTION_REPEATABLE_READ, SQL_TRANSACTION_REPEATABLE_READ];
   * - return 15  (\b1111)  => [SQL_TRANSACTION_NONE, SQL_TRANSACTION_READ_UNCOMMITTED, SQL_TRANSACTION_REPEATABLE_READ, SQL_TRANSACTION_REPEATABLE_READ];
   * - return 16  (\b10000) => [SQL_TRANSACTION_SERIALIZABLE];
   * - ...
   * Valid SQL positioned commands are described under `arrow.flight.protocol.sql.SqlTransactionIsolationLevel`.
   */
  SQL_SUPPORTED_TRANSACTIONS_ISOLATION_LEVELS = 564;

  /*
   * Retrieves a boolean value indicating whether a data definition statement within a transaction forces
   * the transaction to commit.
   *
   * Returns:
   * - false: if a data definition statement within a transaction does not force the transaction to commit;
   * - true: if a data definition statement within a transaction forces the transaction to commit.
   */
  SQL_DATA_DEFINITION_CAUSES_TRANSACTION_COMMIT = 565;

  /*
   * Retrieves a boolean value indicating whether a data definition statement within a transaction is ignored.
   *
   * Returns:
   * - false: if a data definition statement within a transaction is taken into account;
   * - true: a data definition statement within a transaction is ignored.
   */
  SQL_DATA_DEFINITIONS_IN_TRANSACTIONS_IGNORED = 566;

  /*
   * Retrieves an int32 bitmask value representing the supported result set types.
   * The returned bitmask should be parsed in order to retrieve the supported result set types.
   *
   * For instance:
   * - return 0   (\b0)     => [] (no supported result set types);
   * - return 1   (\b1)     => [SQL_RESULT_SET_TYPE_UNSPECIFIED];
   * - return 2   (\b10)    => [SQL_RESULT_SET_TYPE_FORWARD_ONLY];
   * - return 3   (\b11)    => [SQL_RESULT_SET_TYPE_UNSPECIFIED, SQL_RESULT_SET_TYPE_FORWARD_ONLY];
   * - return 4   (\b100)   => [SQL_RESULT_SET_TYPE_SCROLL_INSENSITIVE];
   * - return 5   (\b101)   => [SQL_RESULT_SET_TYPE_UNSPECIFIED, SQL_RESULT_SET_TYPE_SCROLL_INSENSITIVE];
   * - return 6   (\b110)   => [SQL_RESULT_SET_TYPE_FORWARD_ONLY, SQL_RESULT_SET_TYPE_SCROLL_INSENSITIVE];
   * - return 7   (\b111)   => [SQL_RESULT_SET_TYPE_UNSPECIFIED, SQL_RESULT_SET_TYPE_FORWARD_ONLY, SQL_RESULT_SET_TYPE_SCROLL_INSENSITIVE];
   * - return 8   (\b1000)  => [SQL_RESULT_SET_TYPE_SCROLL_SENSITIVE];
   * - ...
   * Valid result set types are described under `arrow.flight.protocol.sql.SqlSupportedResultSetType`.
   */
  SQL_SUPPORTED_RESULT_SET_TYPES = 567;

  /*
   * Returns an int32 bitmask value concurrency types supported for
   * `arrow.flight.protocol.sql.SqlSupportedResultSetType.SQL_RESULT_SET_TYPE_UNSPECIFIED`.
   *
   * For instance:
   * - return 0 (\b0)   => [] (no supported concurrency types for this result set type)
   * - return 1 (\b1)   => [SQL_RESULT_SET_CONCURRENCY_UNSPECIFIED]
   * - return 2 (\b10)  => [SQL_RESULT_SET_CONCURRENCY_READ_ONLY]
   * - return 3 (\b11)  => [SQL_RESULT_SET_CONCURRENCY_UNSPECIFIED, SQL_RESULT_SET_CONCURRENCY_READ_ONLY]
   * - return 4 (\b100) => [SQL_RESULT_SET_CONCURRENCY_UPDATABLE]
   * - return 5 (\b101) => [SQL_RESULT_SET_CONCURRENCY_UNSPECIFIED, SQL_RESULT_SET_CONCURRENCY_UPDATABLE]
   * - return 6 (\b110)  => [SQL_RESULT_SET_CONCURRENCY_READ_ONLY, SQL_RESULT_SET_CONCURRENCY_UPDATABLE]
   * - return 7 (\b111)  => [SQL_RESULT_SET_CONCURRENCY_UNSPECIFIED, SQL_RESULT_SET_CONCURRENCY_READ_ONLY, SQL_RESULT_SET_CONCURRENCY_UPDATABLE]
   * Valid result set types are described under `arrow.flight.protocol.sql.SqlSupportedResultSetConcurrency`.
   */
  SQL_SUPPORTED_CONCURRENCIES_FOR_RESULT_SET_UNSPECIFIED = 568;

  /*
   * Returns an int32 bitmask value concurrency types supported for
   * `arrow.flight.protocol.sql.SqlSupportedResultSetType.SQL_RESULT_SET_TYPE_FORWARD_ONLY`.
   *
   * For instance:
   * - return 0 (\b0)   => [] (no supported concurrency types for this result set type)
   * - return 1 (\b1)   => [SQL_RESULT_SET_CONCURRENCY_UNSPECIFIED]
   * - return 2 (\b10)  => [SQL_RESULT_SET_CONCURRENCY_READ_ONLY]
   * - return 3 (\b11)  => [SQL_RESULT_SET_CONCURRENCY_UNSPECIFIED, SQL_RESULT_SET_CONCURRENCY_READ_ONLY]
   * - return 4 (\b100) => [SQL_RESULT_SET_CONCURRENCY_UPDATABLE]
   * - return 5 (\b101) => [SQL_RESULT_SET_CONCURRENCY_UNSPECIFIED, SQL_RESULT_SET_CONCURRENCY_UPDATABLE]
   * - return 6 (\b110)  => [SQL_RESULT_SET_CONCURRENCY_READ_ONLY, SQL_RESULT_SET_CONCURRENCY_UPDATABLE]
   * - return 7 (\b111)  => [SQL_RESULT_SET_CONCURRENCY_UNSPECIFIED, SQL_RESULT_SET_CONCURRENCY_READ_ONLY, SQL_RESULT_SET_CONCURRENCY_UPDATABLE]
   * Valid result set types are described under `arrow.flight.protocol.sql.SqlSupportedResultSetConcurrency`.
   */
  SQL_SUPPORTED_CONCURRENCIES_FOR_RESULT_SET_FORWARD_ONLY = 569;

  /*
   * Returns an int32 bitmask value concurrency types supported for
   * `arrow.flight.protocol.sql.SqlSupportedResultSetType.SQL_RESULT_SET_TYPE_SCROLL_SENSITIVE`.
   *
   * For instance:
   * - return 0 (\b0)   => [] (no supported concurrency types for this result set type)
   * - return 1 (\b1)   => [SQL_RESULT_SET_CONCURRENCY_UNSPECIFIED]
   * - return 2 (\b10)  => [SQL_RESULT_SET_CONCURRENCY_READ_ONLY]
   * - return 3 (\b11)  => [SQL_RESULT_SET_CONCURRENCY_UNSPECIFIED, SQL_RESULT_SET_CONCURRENCY_READ_ONLY]
   * - return 4 (\b100) => [SQL_RESULT_SET_CONCURRENCY_UPDATABLE]
   * - return 5 (\b101) => [SQL_RESULT_SET_CONCURRENCY_UNSPECIFIED, SQL_RESULT_SET_CONCURRENCY_UPDATABLE]
   * - return 6 (\b110)  => [SQL_RESULT_SET_CONCURRENCY_READ_ONLY, SQL_RESULT_SET_CONCURRENCY_UPDATABLE]
   * - return 7 (\b111)  => [SQL_RESULT_SET_CONCURRENCY_UNSPECIFIED, SQL_RESULT_SET_CONCURRENCY_READ_ONLY, SQL_RESULT_SET_CONCURRENCY_UPDATABLE]
   * Valid result set types are described under `arrow.flight.protocol.sql.SqlSupportedResultSetConcurrency`.
   */
  SQL_SUPPORTED_CONCURRENCIES_FOR_RESULT_SET_SCROLL_SENSITIVE = 570;

  /*
   * Returns an int32 bitmask value concurrency types supported for
   * `arrow.flight.protocol.sql.SqlSupportedResultSetType.SQL_RESULT_SET_TYPE_SCROLL_INSENSITIVE`.
   *
   * For instance:
   * - return 0 (\b0)   => [] (no supported concurrency types for this result set type)
   * - return 1 (\b1)   => [SQL_RESULT_SET_CONCURRENCY_UNSPECIFIED]
   * - return 2 (\b10)  => [SQL_RESULT_SET_CONCURRENCY_READ_ONLY]
   * - return 3 (\b11)  => [SQL_RESULT_SET_CONCURRENCY_UNSPECIFIED, SQL_RESULT_SET_CONCURRENCY_READ_ONLY]
   * - return 4 (\b100) => [SQL_RESULT_SET_CONCURRENCY_UPDATABLE]
   * - return 5 (\b101) => [SQL_RESULT_SET_CONCURRENCY_UNSPECIFIED, SQL_RESULT_SET_CONCURRENCY_UPDATABLE]
   * - return 6 (\b110)  => [SQL_RESULT_SET_CONCURRENCY_READ_ONLY, SQL_RESULT_SET_CONCURRENCY_UPDATABLE]
   * - return 7 (\b111)  => [SQL_RESULT_SET_CONCURRENCY_UNSPECIFIED, SQL_RESULT_SET_CONCURRENCY_READ_ONLY, SQL_RESULT_SET_CONCURRENCY_UPDATABLE]
   * Valid result set types are described under `arrow.flight.protocol.sql.SqlSupportedResultSetConcurrency`.
   */
  SQL_SUPPORTED_CONCURRENCIES_FOR_RESULT_SET_SCROLL_INSENSITIVE = 571;

  /*
   * Retrieves a boolean value indicating whether this database supports batch updates.
   *
   * - false: if this database does not support batch updates;
   * - true: if this database supports batch updates.
   */
  SQL_BATCH_UPDATES_SUPPORTED = 572;

  /*
   * Retrieves a boolean value indicating whether this database supports savepoints.
   *
   * Returns:
   * - false: if this database does not support savepoints;
   * - true: if this database supports savepoints.
   */
  SQL_SAVEPOINTS_SUPPORTED = 573;

  /*
   * Retrieves a boolean value indicating whether named parameters are supported in callable statements.
   *
   * Returns:
   * - false: if named parameters in callable statements are unsupported;
   * - true: if named parameters in callable statements are supported.
   */
  SQL_NAMED_PARAMETERS_SUPPORTED = 574;

  /*
   * Retrieves a boolean value indicating whether updates made to a LOB are made on a copy or directly to the LOB.
   *
   * Returns:
   * - false: if updates made to a LOB are made directly to the LOB;
   * - true: if updates made to a LOB are made on a copy.
   */
  SQL_LOCATORS_UPDATE_COPY = 575;

  /*
   * Retrieves a boolean value indicating whether invoking user-defined or vendor functions
   * using the stored procedure escape syntax is supported.
   *
   * Returns:
   * - false: if invoking user-defined or vendor functions using the stored procedure escape syntax is unsupported;
   * - true: if invoking user-defined or vendor functions using the stored procedure escape syntax is supported.
   */
  SQL_STORED_FUNCTIONS_USING_CALL_SYNTAX_SUPPORTED = 576;
}

// The level of support for Flight SQL transaction RPCs.
enum SqlSupportedTransaction {
  // Unknown/not indicated/no support
  SQL_SUPPORTED_TRANSACTION_NONE = 0;
  // Transactions, but not savepoints.
  // A savepoint is a mark within a transaction that can be individually
  // rolled back to. Not all databases support savepoints.
  SQL_SUPPORTED_TRANSACTION_TRANSACTION = 1;
  // Transactions and savepoints
  SQL_SUPPORTED_TRANSACTION_SAVEPOINT = 2;
}

enum SqlSupportedCaseSensitivity {
  SQL_CASE_SENSITIVITY_UNKNOWN = 0;
  SQL_CASE_SENSITIVITY_CASE_INSENSITIVE = 1;
  SQL_CASE_SENSITIVITY_UPPERCASE = 2;
  SQL_CASE_SENSITIVITY_LOWERCASE = 3;
}

enum SqlNullOrdering {
  SQL_NULLS_SORTED_HIGH = 0;
  SQL_NULLS_SORTED_LOW = 1;
  SQL_NULLS_SORTED_AT_START = 2;
  SQL_NULLS_SORTED_AT_END = 3;
}

enum SupportedSqlGrammar {
  SQL_MINIMUM_GRAMMAR = 0;
  SQL_CORE_GRAMMAR = 1;
  SQL_EXTENDED_GRAMMAR = 2;
}

enum SupportedAnsi92SqlGrammarLevel {
  ANSI92_ENTRY_SQL = 0;
  ANSI92_INTERMEDIATE_SQL = 1;
  ANSI92_FULL_SQL = 2;
}

enum SqlOuterJoinsSupportLevel {
  SQL_JOINS_UNSUPPORTED = 0;
  SQL_LIMITED_OUTER_JOINS = 1;
  SQL_FULL_OUTER_JOINS = 2;
}

enum SqlSupportedGroupBy {
  SQL_GROUP_BY_UNRELATED = 0;
  SQL_GROUP_BY_BEYOND_SELECT = 1;
}

enum SqlSupportedElementActions {
  SQL_ELEMENT_IN_PROCEDURE_CALLS = 0;
  SQL_ELEMENT_IN_INDEX_DEFINITIONS = 1;
  SQL_ELEMENT_IN_PRIVILEGE_DEFINITIONS = 2;
}

enum SqlSupportedPositionedCommands {
  SQL_POSITIONED_DELETE = 0;
  SQL_POSITIONED_UPDATE = 1;
}

enum SqlSupportedSubqueries {
  SQL_SUBQUERIES_IN_COMPARISONS = 0;
  SQL_SUBQUERIES_IN_EXISTS = 1;
  SQL_SUBQUERIES_IN_INS = 2;
  SQL_SUBQUERIES_IN_QUANTIFIEDS = 3;
}

enum SqlSupportedUnions {
  SQL_UNION = 0;
  SQL_UNION_ALL = 1;
}

enum SqlTransactionIsolationLevel {
  SQL_TRANSACTION_NONE = 0;
  SQL_TRANSACTION_READ_UNCOMMITTED = 1;
  SQL_TRANSACTION_READ_COMMITTED = 2;
  SQL_TRANSACTION_REPEATABLE_READ = 3;
  SQL_TRANSACTION_SERIALIZABLE = 4;
}

enum SqlSupportedTransactions {
  SQL_TRANSACTION_UNSPECIFIED = 0;
  SQL_DATA_DEFINITION_TRANSACTIONS = 1;
  SQL_DATA_MANIPULATION_TRANSACTIONS = 2;
}

enum SqlSupportedResultSetType {
  SQL_RESULT_SET_TYPE_UNSPECIFIED = 0;
  SQL_RESULT_SET_TYPE_FORWARD_ONLY = 1;
  SQL_RESULT_SET_TYPE_SCROLL_INSENSITIVE = 2;
  SQL_RESULT_SET_TYPE_SCROLL_SENSITIVE = 3;
}

enum SqlSupportedResultSetConcurrency {
  SQL_RESULT_SET_CONCURRENCY_UNSPECIFIED = 0;
  SQL_RESULT_SET_CONCURRENCY_READ_ONLY = 1;
  SQL_RESULT_SET_CONCURRENCY_UPDATABLE = 2;
}

enum SqlSupportsConvert {
  SQL_CONVERT_BIGINT = 0;
  SQL_CONVERT_BINARY = 1;
  SQL_CONVERT_BIT = 2;
  SQL_CONVERT_CHAR = 3;
  SQL_CONVERT_DATE = 4;
  SQL_CONVERT_DECIMAL = 5;
  SQL_CONVERT_FLOAT = 6;
  SQL_CONVERT_INTEGER = 7;
  SQL_CONVERT_INTERVAL_DAY_TIME = 8;
  SQL_CONVERT_INTERVAL_YEAR_MONTH = 9;
  SQL_CONVERT_LONGVARBINARY = 10;
  SQL_CONVERT_LONGVARCHAR = 11;
  SQL_CONVERT_NUMERIC = 12;
  SQL_CONVERT_REAL = 13;
  SQL_CONVERT_SMALLINT = 14;
  SQL_CONVERT_TIME = 15;
  SQL_CONVERT_TIMESTAMP = 16;
  SQL_CONVERT_TINYINT = 17;
  SQL_CONVERT_VARBINARY = 18;
  SQL_CONVERT_VARCHAR = 19;
}

/**
 * The JDBC/ODBC-defined type of any object.
 * All the values here are the same as in the JDBC and ODBC specs.
 */
enum XdbcDataType {
  XDBC_UNKNOWN_TYPE = 0;
  XDBC_CHAR = 1;
  XDBC_NUMERIC = 2;
  XDBC_DECIMAL = 3;
  XDBC_INTEGER = 4;
  XDBC_SMALLINT = 5;
  XDBC_FLOAT = 6;
  XDBC_REAL = 7;
  XDBC_DOUBLE = 8;
  XDBC_DATETIME = 9;
  XDBC_INTERVAL = 10;
  XDBC_VARCHAR = 12;
  XDBC_DATE = 91;
  XDBC_TIME = 92;
  XDBC_TIMESTAMP = 93;
  XDBC_LONGVARCHAR = -1;
  XDBC_BINARY = -2;
  XDBC_VARBINARY = -3;
  XDBC_LONGVARBINARY = -4;
  XDBC_BIGINT = -5;
  XDBC_TINYINT = -6;
  XDBC_BIT = -7;
  XDBC_WCHAR = -8;
  XDBC_WVARCHAR = -9;
}

/**
 * Detailed subtype information for XDBC_TYPE_DATETIME and XDBC_TYPE_INTERVAL.
 */
enum XdbcDatetimeSubcode {
  option allow_alias = true;
  XDBC_SUBCODE_UNKNOWN = 0;
  XDBC_SUBCODE_YEAR = 1;
  XDBC_SUBCODE_DATE = 1;
  XDBC_SUBCODE_TIME = 2;
  XDBC_SUBCODE_MONTH = 2;
  XDBC_SUBCODE_TIMESTAMP = 3;
  XDBC_SUBCODE_DAY = 3;
  XDBC_SUBCODE_TIME_WITH_TIMEZONE = 4;
  XDBC_SUBCODE_HOUR = 4;
  XDBC_SUBCODE_TIMESTAMP_WITH_TIMEZONE = 5;
  XDBC_SUBCODE_MINUTE = 5;
  XDBC_SUBCODE_SECOND = 6;
  XDBC_SUBCODE_YEAR_TO_MONTH = 7;
  XDBC_SUBCODE_DAY_TO_HOUR = 8;
  XDBC_SUBCODE_DAY_TO_MINUTE = 9;
  XDBC_SUBCODE_DAY_TO_SECOND = 10;
  XDBC_SUBCODE_HOUR_TO_MINUTE = 11;
  XDBC_SUBCODE_HOUR_TO_SECOND = 12;
  XDBC_SUBCODE_MINUTE_TO_SECOND = 13;
  XDBC_SUBCODE_INTERVAL_YEAR = 101;
  XDBC_SUBCODE_INTERVAL_MONTH = 102;
  XDBC_SUBCODE_INTERVAL_DAY = 103;
  XDBC_SUBCODE_INTERVAL_HOUR = 104;
  XDBC_SUBCODE_INTERVAL_MINUTE = 105;
  XDBC_SUBCODE_INTERVAL_SECOND = 106;
  XDBC_SUBCODE_INTERVAL_YEAR_TO_MONTH = 107;
  XDBC_SUBCODE_INTERVAL_DAY_TO_HOUR = 108;
  XDBC_SUBCODE_INTERVAL_DAY_TO_MINUTE = 109;
  XDBC_SUBCODE_INTERVAL_DAY_TO_SECOND = 110;
  XDBC_SUBCODE_INTERVAL_HOUR_TO_MINUTE = 111;
  XDBC_SUBCODE_INTERVAL_HOUR_TO_SECOND = 112;
  XDBC_SUBCODE_INTERVAL_MINUTE_TO_SECOND = 113;
}

enum Nullable {
  /**
   * Indicates that the fields does not allow the use of null values.
   */
  NULLABILITY_NO_NULLS = 0;

  /**
   * Indicates that the fields allow the use of null values.
   */
  NULLABILITY_NULLABLE = 1;

  /**
   * Indicates that nullability of the fields cannot be determined.
   */
  NULLABILITY_UNKNOWN = 2;
}

enum Searchable {
  /**
   * Indicates that column cannot be used in a WHERE clause.
   */
  SEARCHABLE_NONE = 0;

  /**
   * Indicates that the column can be used in a WHERE clause if it is using a
   * LIKE operator.
   */
  SEARCHABLE_CHAR = 1;

  /**
   * Indicates that the column can be used In a WHERE clause with any
   * operator other than LIKE.
   *
   * - Allowed operators: comparison, quantified comparison, BETWEEN,
   *                      DISTINCT, IN, MATCH, and UNIQUE.
   */
  SEARCHABLE_BASIC = 2;

  /**
   * Indicates that the column can be used in a WHERE clause using any operator.
   */
  SEARCHABLE_FULL = 3;
}

/*
 * Represents a request to retrieve information about data type supported on a Flight SQL enabled backend.
 * Used in the command member of FlightDescriptor for the following RPC calls:
 *  - GetSchema: return the schema of the query.
 *  - GetFlightInfo: execute the catalog metadata request.
 *
 * The returned schema will be:
 * <
 *   type_name: utf8 not null (The name of the data type, for example: VARCHAR, INTEGER, etc),
 *   data_type: int32 not null (The SQL data type),
 *   column_size: int32 (The maximum size supported by that column.
 *                       In case of exact numeric types, this represents the maximum precision.
 *                       In case of string types, this represents the character length.
 *                       In case of datetime data types, this represents the length in characters of the string representation.
 *                       NULL is returned for data types where column size is not applicable.),
 *   literal_prefix: utf8 (Character or characters used to prefix a literal, NULL is returned for
 *                         data types where a literal prefix is not applicable.),
 *   literal_suffix: utf8 (Character or characters used to terminate a literal,
 *                         NULL is returned for data types where a literal suffix is not applicable.),
 *   create_params: list<utf8 not null>
 *                        (A list of keywords corresponding to which parameters can be used when creating
 *                         a column for that specific type.
 *                         NULL is returned if there are no parameters for the data type definition.),
 *   nullable: int32 not null (Shows if the data type accepts a NULL value. The possible values can be seen in the
 *                             Nullable enum.),
 *   case_sensitive: bool not null (Shows if a character data type is case-sensitive in collations and comparisons),
 *   searchable: int32 not null (Shows how the data type is used in a WHERE clause. The possible values can be seen in the
 *                               Searchable enum.),
 *   unsigned_attribute: bool (Shows if the data type is unsigned. NULL is returned if the attribute is
 *                             not applicable to the data type or the data type is not numeric.),
 *   fixed_prec_scale: bool not null (Shows if the data type has predefined fixed precision and scale.),
 *   auto_increment: bool (Shows if the data type is auto incremental. NULL is returned if the attribute
 *                         is not applicable to the data type or the data type is not numeric.),
 *   local_type_name: utf8 (Localized version of the data source-dependent name of the data type. NULL
 *                          is returned if a localized name is not supported by the data source),
 *   minimum_scale: int32 (The minimum scale of the data type on the data source.
 *                         If a data type has a fixed scale, the MINIMUM_SCALE and MAXIMUM_SCALE
 *                         columns both contain this value. NULL is returned if scale is not applicable.),
 *   maximum_scale: int32 (The maximum scale of the data type on the data source.
 *                         NULL is returned if scale is not applicable.),
 *   sql_data_type: int32 not null (The value of the SQL DATA TYPE which has the same values
 *                                  as data_type value. Except for interval and datetime, which
 *                                  uses generic values. More info about those types can be
 *                                  obtained through datetime_subcode. The possible values can be seen
 *                                  in the XdbcDataType enum.),
 *   datetime_subcode: int32 (Only used when the SQL DATA TYPE is interval or datetime. It contains
 *                            its sub types. For type different from interval and datetime, this value
 *                            is NULL. The possible values can be seen in the XdbcDatetimeSubcode enum.),
 *   num_prec_radix: int32 (If the data type is an approximate numeric type, this column contains
 *                          the value 2 to indicate that COLUMN_SIZE specifies a number of bits. For
 *                          exact numeric types, this column contains the value 10 to indicate that
 *                          column size specifies a number of decimal digits. Otherwise, this column is NULL.),
 *   interval_precision: int32 (If the data type is an interval data type, then this column contains the value
 *                              of the interval leading precision. Otherwise, this column is NULL. This fields
 *                              is only relevant to be used by ODBC).
 * >
 * The returned data should be ordered by data_type and then by type_name.
 */
message CommandGetXdbcTypeInfo {

  /*
   * Specifies the data type to search for the info.
   */
  optional int32 data_type = 1;
}

/*
 * Represents a request to retrieve the list of catalogs on a Flight SQL enabled backend.
 * The definition of a catalog depends on vendor/implementation. It is usually the database itself
 * Used in the command member of FlightDescriptor for the following RPC calls:
 *  - GetSchema: return the Arrow schema of the query.
 *  - GetFlightInfo: execute the catalog metadata request.
 *
 * The returned Arrow schema will be:
 * <
 *  catalog_name: utf8 not null
 * >
 * The returned data should be ordered by catalog_name.
 */
message CommandGetCatalogs {
}

/*
 * Represents a request to retrieve the list of database schemas on a Flight SQL enabled backend.
 * The definition of a database schema depends on vendor/implementation. It is usually a collection of tables.
 * Used in the command member of FlightDescriptor for the following RPC calls:
 *  - GetSchema: return the Arrow schema of the query.
 *  - GetFlightInfo: execute the catalog metadata request.
 *
 * The returned Arrow schema will be:
 * <
 *  catalog_name: utf8,
 *  db_schema_name: utf8 not null
 * >
 * The returned data should be ordered by catalog_name, then db_schema_name.
 */
message CommandGetDbSchemas {

  /*
   * Specifies the Catalog to search for the tables.
   * An empty string retrieves those without a catalog.
   * If omitted the catalog name should not be used to narrow the search.
   */
  optional string catalog = 1;

  /*
   * Specifies a filter pattern for schemas to search for.
   * When no db_schema_filter_pattern is provided, the pattern will not be used to narrow the search.
   * In the pattern string, two special characters can be used to denote matching rules:
   *    - "%" means to match any substring with 0 or more characters.
   *    - "_" means to match any one character.
   */
  optional string db_schema_filter_pattern = 2;
}

/*
 * Represents a request to retrieve the list of tables, and optionally their schemas, on a Flight SQL enabled backend.
 * Used in the command member of FlightDescriptor for the following RPC calls:
 *  - GetSchema: return the Arrow schema of the query.
 *  - GetFlightInfo: execute the catalog metadata request.
 *
 * The returned Arrow schema will be:
 * <
 *  catalog_name: utf8,
 *  db_schema_name: utf8,
 *  table_name: utf8 not null,
 *  table_type: utf8 not null,
 *  [optional] table_schema: bytes not null (schema of the table as described in Schema.fbs::Schema,
 *                                           it is serialized as an IPC message.)
 * >
 * Fields on table_schema may contain the following metadata:
 *  - ARROW:FLIGHT:SQL:CATALOG_NAME      - Table's catalog name
 *  - ARROW:FLIGHT:SQL:DB_SCHEMA_NAME    - Database schema name
 *  - ARROW:FLIGHT:SQL:TABLE_NAME        - Table name
 *  - ARROW:FLIGHT:SQL:TYPE_NAME         - The data source-specific name for the data type of the column.
 *  - ARROW:FLIGHT:SQL:PRECISION         - Column precision/size
 *  - ARROW:FLIGHT:SQL:SCALE             - Column scale/decimal digits if applicable
 *  - ARROW:FLIGHT:SQL:IS_AUTO_INCREMENT - "1" indicates if the column is auto incremented, "0" otherwise.
 *  - ARROW:FLIGHT:SQL:IS_CASE_SENSITIVE - "1" indicates if the column is case-sensitive, "0" otherwise.
 *  - ARROW:FLIGHT:SQL:IS_READ_ONLY      - "1" indicates if the column is read only, "0" otherwise.
 *  - ARROW:FLIGHT:SQL:IS_SEARCHABLE     - "1" indicates if the column is searchable via WHERE clause, "0" otherwise.
 * The returned data should be ordered by catalog_name, db_schema_name, table_name, then table_type, followed by table_schema if requested.
 */
message CommandGetTables {

  /*
   * Specifies the Catalog to search for the tables.
   * An empty string retrieves those without a catalog.
   * If omitted the catalog name should not be used to narrow the search.
   */
  optional string catalog = 1;

  /*
   * Specifies a filter pattern for schemas to search for.
   * When no db_schema_filter_pattern is provided, all schemas matching other filters are searched.
   * In the pattern string, two special characters can be used to denote matching rules:
   *    - "%" means to match any substring with 0 or more characters.
   *    - "_" means to match any one character.
   */
  optional string db_schema_filter_pattern = 2;

  /*
   * Specifies a filter pattern for tables to search for.
   * When no table_name_filter_pattern is provided, all tables matching other filters are searched.
   * In the pattern string, two special characters can be used to denote matching rules:
   *    - "%" means to match any substring with 0 or more characters.
   *    - "_" means to match any one character.
   */
  optional string table_name_filter_pattern = 3;

  /*
   * Specifies a filter of table types which must match.
   * The table types depend on vendor/implementation. It is usually used to separate tables from views or system tables.
   * TABLE, VIEW, and SYSTEM TABLE are commonly supported.
   */
  repeated string table_types = 4;

  // Specifies if the Arrow schema should be returned for found tables.
  bool include_schema = 5;
}

/*
 * Represents a request to retrieve the list of table types on a Flight SQL enabled backend.
 * The table types depend on vendor/implementation. It is usually used to separate tables from views or system tables.
 * TABLE, VIEW, and SYSTEM TABLE are commonly supported.
 * Used in the command member of FlightDescriptor for the following RPC calls:
 *  - GetSchema: return the Arrow schema of the query.
 *  - GetFlightInfo: execute the catalog metadata request.
 *
 * The returned Arrow schema will be:
 * <
 *  table_type: utf8 not null
 * >
 * The returned data should be ordered by table_type.
 */
message CommandGetTableTypes {
}

/*
 * Represents a request to retrieve the primary keys of a table on a Flight SQL enabled backend.
 * Used in the command member of FlightDescriptor for the following RPC calls:
 *  - GetSchema: return the Arrow schema of the query.
 *  - GetFlightInfo: execute the catalog metadata request.
 *
 * The returned Arrow schema will be:
 * <
 *  catalog_name: utf8,
 *  db_schema_name: utf8,
 *  table_name: utf8 not null,
 *  column_name: utf8 not null,
 *  key_name: utf8,
 *  key_sequence: int32 not null
 * >
 * The returned data should be ordered by catalog_name, db_schema_name, table_name, key_name, then key_sequence.
 */
message CommandGetPrimaryKeys {

  /*
   * Specifies the catalog to search for the table.
   * An empty string retrieves those without a catalog.
   * If omitted the catalog name should not be used to narrow the search.
   */
  optional string catalog = 1;

  /*
   * Specifies the schema to search for the table.
   * An empty string retrieves those without a schema.
   * If omitted the schema name should not be used to narrow the search.
   */
  optional string db_schema = 2;

  // Specifies the table to get the primary keys for.
  string table = 3;
}

enum UpdateDeleteRules {
  CASCADE = 0;
  RESTRICT = 1;
  SET_NULL = 2;
  NO_ACTION = 3;
  SET_DEFAULT = 4;
}

/*
 * Represents a request to retrieve a description of the foreign key columns that reference the given table's
 * primary key columns (the foreign keys exported by a table) of a table on a Flight SQL enabled backend.
 * Used in the command member of FlightDescriptor for the following RPC calls:
 *  - GetSchema: return the Arrow schema of the query.
 *  - GetFlightInfo: execute the catalog metadata request.
 *
 * The returned Arrow schema will be:
 * <
 *  pk_catalog_name: utf8,
 *  pk_db_schema_name: utf8,
 *  pk_table_name: utf8 not null,
 *  pk_column_name: utf8 not null,
 *  fk_catalog_name: utf8,
 *  fk_db_schema_name: utf8,
 *  fk_table_name: utf8 not null,
 *  fk_column_name: utf8 not null,
 *  key_sequence: int32 not null,
 *  fk_key_name: utf8,
 *  pk_key_name: utf8,
 *  update_rule: uint8 not null,
 *  delete_rule: uint8 not null
 * >
 * The returned data should be ordered by fk_catalog_name, fk_db_schema_name, fk_table_name, fk_key_name, then key_sequence.
 * update_rule and delete_rule returns a byte that is equivalent to actions declared on UpdateDeleteRules enum.
 */
message CommandGetExportedKeys {

  /*
   * Specifies the catalog to search for the foreign key table.
   * An empty string retrieves those without a catalog.
   * If omitted the catalog name should not be used to narrow the search.
   */
  optional string catalog = 1;

  /*
   * Specifies the schema to search for the foreign key table.
   * An empty string retrieves those without a schema.
   * If omitted the schema name should not be used to narrow the search.
   */
  optional string db_schema = 2;

  // Specifies the foreign key table to get the foreign keys for.
  string table = 3;
}

/*
 * Represents a request to retrieve the foreign keys of a table on a Flight SQL enabled backend.
 * Used in the command member of FlightDescriptor for the following RPC calls:
 *  - GetSchema: return the Arrow schema of the query.
 *  - GetFlightInfo: execute the catalog metadata request.
 *
 * The returned Arrow schema will be:
 * <
 *  pk_catalog_name: utf8,
 *  pk_db_schema_name: utf8,
 *  pk_table_name: utf8 not null,
 *  pk_column_name: utf8 not null,
 *  fk_catalog_name: utf8,
 *  fk_db_schema_name: utf8,
 *  fk_table_name: utf8 not null,
 *  fk_column_name: utf8 not null,
 *  key_sequence: int32 not null,
 *  fk_key_name: utf8,
 *  pk_key_name: utf8,
 *  update_rule: uint8 not null,
 *  delete_rule: uint8 not null
 * >
 * The returned data should be ordered by pk_catalog_name, pk_db_schema_name, pk_table_name, pk_key_name, then key_sequence.
 * update_rule and delete_rule returns a byte that is equivalent to actions:
 *    - 0 = CASCADE
 *    - 1 = RESTRICT
 *    - 2 = SET NULL
 *    - 3 = NO ACTION
 *    - 4 = SET DEFAULT
 */
message CommandGetImportedKeys {

  /*
   * Specifies the catalog to search for the primary key table.
   * An empty string retrieves those without a catalog.
   * If omitted the catalog name should not be used to narrow the search.
   */
  optional string catalog = 1;

  /*
   * Specifies the schema to search for the primary key table.
   * An empty string retrieves those without a schema.
   * If omitted the schema name should not be used to narrow the search.
   */
  optional string db_schema = 2;

  // Specifies the primary key table to get the foreign keys for.
  string table = 3;
}

/*
 * Represents a request to retrieve a description of the foreign key columns in the given foreign key table that
 * reference the primary key or the columns representing a unique constraint of the parent table (could be the same
 * or a different table) on a Flight SQL enabled backend.
 * Used in the command member of FlightDescriptor for the following RPC calls:
 *  - GetSchema: return the Arrow schema of the query.
 *  - GetFlightInfo: execute the catalog metadata request.
 *
 * The returned Arrow schema will be:
 * <
 *  pk_catalog_name: utf8,
 *  pk_db_schema_name: utf8,
 *  pk_table_name: utf8 not null,
 *  pk_column_name: utf8 not null,
 *  fk_catalog_name: utf8,
 *  fk_db_schema_name: utf8,
 *  fk_table_name: utf8 not null,
 *  fk_column_name: utf8 not null,
 *  key_sequence: int32 not null,
 *  fk_key_name: utf8,
 *  pk_key_name: utf8,
 *  update_rule: uint8 not null,
 *  delete_rule: uint8 not null
 * >
 * The returned data should be ordered by pk_catalog_name, pk_db_schema_name, pk_table_name, pk_key_name, then key_sequence.
 * update_rule and delete_rule returns a byte that is equivalent to actions:
 *    - 0 = CASCADE
 *    - 1 = RESTRICT
 *    - 2 = SET NULL
 *    - 3 = NO ACTION
 *    - 4 = SET DEFAULT
 */
message CommandGetCrossReference {

  /**
   * The catalog name where the parent table is.
   * An empty string retrieves those without a catalog.
   * If omitted the catalog name should not be used to narrow the search.
   */
  optional string pk_catalog = 1;

  /**
   * The Schema name where the parent table is.
   * An empty string retrieves those without a schema.
   * If omitted the schema name should not be used to narrow the search.
   */
  optional string pk_db_schema = 2;

  /**
   * The parent table name. It cannot be null.
   */
  string pk_table = 3;

  /**
   * The catalog name where the foreign table is.
   * An empty string retrieves those without a catalog.
   * If omitted the catalog name should not be used to narrow the search.
   */
  optional string fk_catalog = 4;

  /**
   * The schema name where the foreign table is.
   * An empty string retrieves those without a schema.
   * If omitted the schema name should not be used to narrow the search.
   */
  optional string fk_db_schema = 5;

  /**
   * The foreign table name. It cannot be null.
   */
  string fk_table = 6;
}

// Query Execution Action Messages

/*
 * Request message for the "CreatePreparedStatement" action on a Flight SQL enabled backend.
 */
message ActionCreatePreparedStatementRequest {

  // The valid SQL string to create a prepared statement for.
  string query = 1;
  // Create/execute the prepared statement as part of this transaction (if
  // unset, executions of the prepared statement will be auto-committed).
  optional bytes transaction_id = 2;
}

/*
 * An embedded message describing a Substrait plan to execute.
 */
message SubstraitPlan {

  // The serialized substrait.Plan to create a prepared statement for.
  // XXX(ARROW-16902): this is bytes instead of an embedded message
  // because Protobuf does not really support one DLL using Protobuf
  // definitions from another DLL.
  bytes plan = 1;
  // The Substrait release, e.g. "0.12.0". This information is not
  // tracked in the plan itself, so this is the only way for consumers
  // to potentially know if they can handle the plan.
  string version = 2;
}

/*
 * Request message for the "CreatePreparedSubstraitPlan" action on a Flight SQL enabled backend.
 */
message ActionCreatePreparedSubstraitPlanRequest {

  // The serialized substrait.Plan to create a prepared statement for.
  SubstraitPlan plan = 1;
  // Create/execute the prepared statement as part of this transaction (if
  // unset, executions of the prepared statement will be auto-committed).
  optional bytes transaction_id = 2;
}

/*
 * Wrap the result of a "CreatePreparedStatement" or "CreatePreparedSubstraitPlan" action.
 *
 * The resultant PreparedStatement can be closed either:
 * - Manually, through the "ClosePreparedStatement" action;
 * - Automatically, by a server timeout.
 *
 * The result should be wrapped in a google.protobuf.Any message.
 */
message ActionCreatePreparedStatementResult {

  // Opaque handle for the prepared statement on the server.
  bytes prepared_statement_handle = 1;

  // If a result set generating query was provided, dataset_schema contains the
  // schema of the result set.  It should be an IPC-encapsulated Schema, as described in Schema.fbs.
  // For some queries, the schema of the results may depend on the schema of the parameters.  The server
  // should provide its best guess as to the schema at this point.  Clients must not assume that this
  // schema, if provided, will be accurate.
  bytes dataset_schema = 2;

  // If the query provided contained parameters, parameter_schema contains the
  // schema of the expected parameters.  It should be an IPC-encapsulated Schema, as described in Schema.fbs.
  bytes parameter_schema = 3;
}

/*
 * Request message for the "ClosePreparedStatement" action on a Flight SQL enabled backend.
 * Closes server resources associated with the prepared statement handle.
 */
message ActionClosePreparedStatementRequest {

  // Opaque handle for the prepared statement on the server.
  bytes prepared_statement_handle = 1;
}

/*
 * Request message for the "BeginTransaction" action.
 * Begins a transaction.
 */
message ActionBeginTransactionRequest {
}

/*
 * Request message for the "BeginSavepoint" action.
 * Creates a savepoint within a transaction.
 *
 * Only supported if FLIGHT_SQL_TRANSACTION is
 * FLIGHT_SQL_TRANSACTION_SUPPORT_SAVEPOINT.
 */
message ActionBeginSavepointRequest {

  // The transaction to which a savepoint belongs.
  bytes transaction_id = 1;
  // Name for the savepoint.
  string name = 2;
}

/*
 * The result of a "BeginTransaction" action.
 *
 * The transaction can be manipulated with the "EndTransaction" action, or
 * automatically via server timeout. If the transaction times out, then it is
 * automatically rolled back.
 *
 * The result should be wrapped in a google.protobuf.Any message.
 */
message ActionBeginTransactionResult {

  // Opaque handle for the transaction on the server.
  bytes transaction_id = 1;
}

/*
 * The result of a "BeginSavepoint" action.
 *
 * The transaction can be manipulated with the "EndSavepoint" action.
 * If the associated transaction is committed, rolled back, or times
 * out, then the savepoint is also invalidated.
 *
 * The result should be wrapped in a google.protobuf.Any message.
 */
message ActionBeginSavepointResult {

  // Opaque handle for the savepoint on the server.
  bytes savepoint_id = 1;
}

/*
 * Request message for the "EndTransaction" action.
 *
 * Commit (COMMIT) or rollback (ROLLBACK) the transaction.
 *
 * If the action completes successfully, the transaction handle is
 * invalidated, as are all associated savepoints.
 */
message ActionEndTransactionRequest {

  enum EndTransaction {
    END_TRANSACTION_UNSPECIFIED = 0;
    // Commit the transaction.
    END_TRANSACTION_COMMIT = 1;
    // Roll back the transaction.
    END_TRANSACTION_ROLLBACK = 2;
  }
  // Opaque handle for the transaction on the server.
  bytes transaction_id = 1;
  // Whether to commit/rollback the given transaction.
  EndTransaction action = 2;
}

/*
 * Request message for the "EndSavepoint" action.
 *
 * Release (RELEASE) the savepoint or rollback (ROLLBACK) to the
 * savepoint.
 *
 * Releasing a savepoint invalidates that savepoint.  Rolling back to
 * a savepoint does not invalidate the savepoint, but invalidates all
 * savepoints created after the current savepoint.
 */
message ActionEndSavepointRequest {

  enum EndSavepoint {
    END_SAVEPOINT_UNSPECIFIED = 0;
    // Release the savepoint.
    END_SAVEPOINT_RELEASE = 1;
    // Roll back to a savepoint.
    END_SAVEPOINT_ROLLBACK = 2;
  }
  // Opaque handle for the savepoint on the server.
  bytes savepoint_id = 1;
  // Whether to rollback/release the given savepoint.
  EndSavepoint action = 2;
}

// Query Execution Messages.

/*
 * Represents a SQL query. Used in the command member of FlightDescriptor
 * for the following RPC calls:
 *  - GetSchema: return the Arrow schema of the query.
 *    Fields on this schema may contain the following metadata:
 *    - ARROW:FLIGHT:SQL:CATALOG_NAME      - Table's catalog name
 *    - ARROW:FLIGHT:SQL:DB_SCHEMA_NAME    - Database schema name
 *    - ARROW:FLIGHT:SQL:TABLE_NAME        - Table name
 *    - ARROW:FLIGHT:SQL:TYPE_NAME         - The data source-specific name for the data type of the column.
 *    - ARROW:FLIGHT:SQL:PRECISION         - Column precision/size
 *    - ARROW:FLIGHT:SQL:SCALE             - Column scale/decimal digits if applicable
 *    - ARROW:FLIGHT:SQL:IS_AUTO_INCREMENT - "1" indicates if the column is auto incremented, "0" otherwise.
 *    - ARROW:FLIGHT:SQL:IS_CASE_SENSITIVE - "1" indicates if the column is case-sensitive, "0" otherwise.
 *    - ARROW:FLIGHT:SQL:IS_READ_ONLY      - "1" indicates if the column is read only, "0" otherwise.
 *    - ARROW:FLIGHT:SQL:IS_SEARCHABLE     - "1" indicates if the column is searchable via WHERE clause, "0" otherwise.
 *  - GetFlightInfo: execute the query.
 */
message CommandStatementQuery {

  // The SQL syntax.
  string query = 1;
  // Include the query as part of this transaction (if unset, the query is auto-committed).
  optional bytes transaction_id = 2;
}

/*
 * Represents a Substrait plan. Used in the command member of FlightDescriptor
 * for the following RPC calls:
 *  - GetSchema: return the Arrow schema of the query.
 *    Fields on this schema may contain the following metadata:
 *    - ARROW:FLIGHT:SQL:CATALOG_NAME      - Table's catalog name
 *    - ARROW:FLIGHT:SQL:DB_SCHEMA_NAME    - Database schema name
 *    - ARROW:FLIGHT:SQL:TABLE_NAME        - Table name
 *    - ARROW:FLIGHT:SQL:TYPE_NAME         - The data source-specific name for the data type of the column.
 *    - ARROW:FLIGHT:SQL:PRECISION         - Column precision/size
 *    - ARROW:FLIGHT:SQL:SCALE             - Column scale/decimal digits if applicable
 *    - ARROW:FLIGHT:SQL:IS_AUTO_INCREMENT - "1" indicates if the column is auto incremented, "0" otherwise.
 *    - ARROW:FLIGHT:SQL:IS_CASE_SENSITIVE - "1" indicates if the column is case-sensitive, "0" otherwise.
 *    - ARROW:FLIGHT:SQL:IS_READ_ONLY      - "1" indicates if the column is read only, "0" otherwise.
 *    - ARROW:FLIGHT:SQL:IS_SEARCHABLE     - "1" indicates if the column is searchable via WHERE clause, "0" otherwise.
 *  - GetFlightInfo: execute the query.
 *  - DoPut: execute the query.
 */
message CommandStatementSubstraitPlan {

  // A serialized substrait.Plan
  SubstraitPlan plan = 1;
  // Include the query as part of this transaction (if unset, the query is auto-committed).
  optional bytes transaction_id = 2;
}

/**
 * Represents a ticket resulting from GetFlightInfo with a CommandStatementQuery.
 * This should be used only once and treated as an opaque value, that is, clients should not attempt to parse this.
 */
message TicketStatementQuery {

  // Unique identifier for the instance of the statement to execute.
  bytes statement_handle = 1;
}

/*
 * Represents an instance of executing a prepared statement. Used in the command member of FlightDescriptor for
 * the following RPC calls:
 *  - GetSchema: return the Arrow schema of the query.
 *    Fields on this schema may contain the following metadata:
 *    - ARROW:FLIGHT:SQL:CATALOG_NAME      - Table's catalog name
 *    - ARROW:FLIGHT:SQL:DB_SCHEMA_NAME    - Database schema name
 *    - ARROW:FLIGHT:SQL:TABLE_NAME        - Table name
 *    - ARROW:FLIGHT:SQL:TYPE_NAME         - The data source-specific name for the data type of the column.
 *    - ARROW:FLIGHT:SQL:PRECISION         - Column precision/size
 *    - ARROW:FLIGHT:SQL:SCALE             - Column scale/decimal digits if applicable
 *    - ARROW:FLIGHT:SQL:IS_AUTO_INCREMENT - "1" indicates if the column is auto incremented, "0" otherwise.
 *    - ARROW:FLIGHT:SQL:IS_CASE_SENSITIVE - "1" indicates if the column is case-sensitive, "0" otherwise.
 *    - ARROW:FLIGHT:SQL:IS_READ_ONLY      - "1" indicates if the column is read only, "0" otherwise.
 *    - ARROW:FLIGHT:SQL:IS_SEARCHABLE     - "1" indicates if the column is searchable via WHERE clause, "0" otherwise.
 *
 *    If the schema is retrieved after parameter values have been bound with DoPut, then the server should account
 *    for the parameters when determining the schema.
 *  - DoPut: bind parameter values. All of the bound parameter sets will be executed as a single atomic execution.
 *  - GetFlightInfo: execute the prepared statement instance.
 */
message CommandPreparedStatementQuery {

  // Opaque handle for the prepared statement on the server.
  bytes prepared_statement_handle = 1;
}

/*
 * Represents a SQL update query. Used in the command member of FlightDescriptor
 * for the RPC call DoPut to cause the server to execute the included SQL update.
 */
message CommandStatementUpdate {

  // The SQL syntax.
  string query = 1;
  // Include the query as part of this transaction (if unset, the query is auto-committed).
  optional bytes transaction_id = 2;
}

/*
 * Represents a SQL update query. Used in the command member of FlightDescriptor
 * for the RPC call DoPut to cause the server to execute the included
 * prepared statement handle as an update.
 */
message CommandPreparedStatementUpdate {

  // Opaque handle for the prepared statement on the server.
  bytes prepared_statement_handle = 1;
}

/*
 * Represents a bulk ingestion request. Used in the command member of FlightDescriptor
 * for the the RPC call DoPut to cause the server load the contents of the stream's
 * FlightData into the target destination.
 */
message CommandStatementIngest {

  // Options for table definition behavior
  message TableDefinitionOptions {
    // The action to take if the target table does not exist
    enum TableNotExistOption {
      // Do not use. Servers should error if this is specified by a client.
      TABLE_NOT_EXIST_OPTION_UNSPECIFIED = 0;
      // Create the table if it does not exist
      TABLE_NOT_EXIST_OPTION_CREATE = 1;
      // Fail if the table does not exist
      TABLE_NOT_EXIST_OPTION_FAIL = 2;
    }
    // The action to take if the target table already exists
    enum TableExistsOption {
      // Do not use. Servers should error if this is specified by a client.
      TABLE_EXISTS_OPTION_UNSPECIFIED = 0;
      // Fail if the table already exists
      TABLE_EXISTS_OPTION_FAIL = 1;
      // Append to the table if it already exists
      TABLE_EXISTS_OPTION_APPEND = 2;
      // Drop and recreate the table if it already exists
      TABLE_EXISTS_OPTION_REPLACE = 3;
    }

    TableNotExistOption if_not_exist = 1;
    TableExistsOption if_exists = 2;
  }

  // The behavior for handling the table definition.
  TableDefinitionOptions table_definition_options = 1;
  // The table to load data into.
  string table = 2;
  // The db_schema of the destination table to load data into. If unset, a backend-specific default may be used.
  optional string schema = 3;
  // The catalog of the destination table to load data into. If unset, a backend-specific default may be used.
  optional string catalog = 4;
  /*
   * Store ingested data in a temporary table.
   * The effect of setting temporary is to place the table in a backend-defined namespace, and to drop the table at the end of the session.
   * The namespacing may make use of a backend-specific schema and/or catalog.
   * The server should return an error if an explicit choice of schema or catalog is incompatible with the server's namespacing decision.
  */
  bool temporary = 5;
  // Perform the ingestion as part of this transaction. If specified, results should not be committed in the event of an error/cancellation.
  optional bytes transaction_id = 6;

  // Future extensions to the parameters of CommandStatementIngest should be added here, at a lower index than the generic 'options' parameter.

  // Backend-specific options.
  map<string, string> options = 1000;
}

/*
 * Returned from the RPC call DoPut when a CommandStatementUpdate,
 * CommandPreparedStatementUpdate, or CommandStatementIngest was
 * in the request, containing results from the update.
 */
message DoPutUpdateResult {

  // The number of records updated. A return value of -1 represents
  // an unknown updated record count.
  int64 record_count = 1;
}

/* An *optional* response returned when `DoPut` is called with `CommandPreparedStatementQuery`.
 *
 * *Note on legacy behavior*: previous versions of the protocol did not return any result for
 * this command, and that behavior should still be supported by clients. In that case, the client
 * can continue as though the fields in this message were not provided or set to sensible default values.
 */
message DoPutPreparedStatementResult {

  // Represents a (potentially updated) opaque handle for the prepared statement on the server.
  // Because the handle could potentially be updated, any previous handles for this prepared
  // statement should be considered invalid, and all subsequent requests for this prepared
  // statement must use this new handle.
  // The updated handle allows implementing query parameters with stateless services.
  // 
  // When an updated handle is not provided by the server, clients should contiue
  // using the previous handle provided by `ActionCreatePreparedStatementResonse`.
  optional bytes prepared_statement_handle = 1;
}

/*
 * Request message for the "CancelQuery" action.
 *
 * Explicitly cancel a running query.
 *
 * This lets a single client explicitly cancel work, no matter how many clients
 * are involved/whether the query is distributed or not, given server support.
 * The transaction/statement is not rolled back; it is the application's job to
 * commit or rollback as appropriate. This only indicates the client no longer
 * wishes to read the remainder of the query results or continue submitting
 * data.
 *
 * This command is idempotent.
 *
 * This command is deprecated since 13.0.0. Use the "CancelFlightInfo"
 * action with DoAction instead.
 */
message ActionCancelQueryRequest {
  option deprecated = true;

  // The result of the GetFlightInfo RPC that initiated the query.
  // XXX(ARROW-16902): this must be a serialized FlightInfo, but is
  // rendered as bytes because Protobuf does not really support one
  // DLL using Protobuf definitions from another DLL.
  bytes info = 1;
}

/*
 * The result of cancelling a query.
 *
 * The result should be wrapped in a google.protobuf.Any message.
 *
 * This command is deprecated since 13.0.0. Use the "CancelFlightInfo"
 * action with DoAction instead.
 */
message ActionCancelQueryResult {
  option deprecated = true;

  enum CancelResult {
    // The cancellation status is unknown. Servers should avoid using
    // this value (send a NOT_FOUND error if the requested query is
    // not known). Clients can retry the request.
    CANCEL_RESULT_UNSPECIFIED = 0;
    // The cancellation request is complete. Subsequent requests with
    // the same payload may return CANCELLED or a NOT_FOUND error.
    CANCEL_RESULT_CANCELLED = 1;
    // The cancellation request is in progress. The client may retry
    // the cancellation request.
    CANCEL_RESULT_CANCELLING = 2;
    // The query is not cancellable. The client should not retry the
    // cancellation request.
    CANCEL_RESULT_NOT_CANCELLABLE = 3;
  }

  CancelResult result = 1;
}

extend google.protobuf.MessageOptions {
  bool experimental = 1000;
}